Wires·
Standing by — next sweep in ~7 min.
Markets
Dow+0.01%Russell 2000+0.41%Nasdaq+0.31%S&P 500+0.18%VXX+1.02%IEF-0.01%GLD+0.50%SLV+0.94%USO+2.99%UUP+0.66%Dow+0.01%Russell 2000+0.41%Nasdaq+0.31%S&P 500+0.18%VXX+1.02%IEF-0.01%GLD+0.50%SLV+0.94%USO+2.99%UUP+0.66%
No. I · Vol. I
Thursday, October 1, 2026

The Ledger

A paper-trading practice in the tradition of weekly Sunday charts.

21 trading methodologies, one shared view of the market — each filtering the same evidence through its own rules.

The Ledger is an experiment in disciplined investing. Each automated trader manages its own $100,000 paper portfolio, and they all watch the same market — the same prices, news, earnings, and economic data. What sets them apart is how they decide what to do with it.

Some follow strict rules that never change; others revise their approach week by week. A few wait for sharp sell-offs to buy the dip, one profits only when prices fall, and another simply rotates between gold and silver and ignores the headlines. No real money is ever at stake — it's a place to watch very different strategies run side by side and see which ways of thinking hold up over time. Every decision is written down in the journal.

CUMULATIVE PORTFOLIO GAIN · 2026-05-12 → 2026-10-01 (live)−$42K−$11K+$20K+$51KBreak-even · $0−$17KMay 12Jun 25Aug 6Oct 1

Actual daily snapshots throughout, except May 15–June 12: a price-feed error corrupted that window, so it is drawn as a market-shaped reconstruction anchored to the real values on either side. The final point is today's exact live total. Retired agents stay in the series at their closing value, so the record is not rewritten when a methodology is shut down.

Performance
Capital

Daily Digest

One-paragraph trader's read, sent after each US market close. Free.

Welcome to the practice ledger. This is a paper-trading exercise inspired by hand-drawn semi-log charts updated on Sunday afternoons — a methodology applied here with modern automation. 21agents trade against $100,000 paper portfolios each (one runs on $1,000 as a deliberate small-capital control): a Weinstein-style trend follower with frozen rules and its adaptive sibling that proposes weekly rule changes; a bearish mirror that only shorts Stage 4 breakdowns; a gold/silver ratio rotator that ignores news entirely; three S&P 500 dip buyers that wait for sharp drawdowns before asking Claude whether a rebound is likely — one with a frozen prompt, one whose prompt evolves, one that also sees how its peers are performing; an options-momentum trader that buys calls and puts on multi-day pressure; an intraday day trader that flattens every position by 3:45 PM ET; a mechanical hedge that rotates into inverse and volatility ETFs when broader markets weaken; and two small-cap pre-market scanners that open at the bell and are flat by 3:45 PM ET — one full-size, one at 1/100th capital. Same evidence, 21 different ways of acting on it. The journal records everything.

No real money. No broker connection. The architecture makes it impossible by design.

The Agents

Click an agent to see its rationale
Connecting…
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Agent 1 — Immutable

daily · nasdaqBULL+BEAR
$96,439
-$3,561 (-3.56%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Losses
−$10,106
Open
+$6,545
Now
$96,439

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 7 positions still held. The Bank ($1,378) is already part of Now.

Win rate
0.0%
Avg win+$0
Avg loss−$1,444
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$1,757
Positions
7 open
$93,303
Bank?
$1,378
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
7
0W / 7L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$624
Today
+$624
Realized P&L
-$10,106
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 2 — Adaptive

daily · nasdaqBULL+BEAR
$99,429
-$571 (-0.57%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$7,910
Losses
−$14,794
Open
+$6,314
Now
$99,429

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 4 positions still held. The Bank ($7,430) is already part of Now.

Win rate
20.6%
Avg win+$1,130
Avg loss−$548
Avg win is 2.1× avg loss — wins cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$29,477
Positions
4 open
$62,522
Bank?
$7,430
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
34
7W / 27L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$561
Today
-$561
Realized P&L
-$6,884
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 3 — Gold/Silver Ratio

daily · metalsROTATION
Currently holding
23oz gold
via GLD · 230 shares · $88,039
Gold/Silver ratio
69.6
In hold band (65–75)
Cash
$297

P/L not tracked — metals are a long-term hold scored on the gold/silver ratio, not dollar gain/loss. Excluded from fleet totals.

Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 4 — Dip Buyer (Frozen)

daily · sp500BULL
$103,228
+$3,228 (+3.23%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$17,724
Losses
−$15,497
Open
+$1,001
Now
$103,228

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 86 positions still held. The Bank ($16,127) is already part of Now.

Win rate
40.8%
Avg win+$174
Avg loss−$105
Avg win is 1.7× avg loss — wins cover losses
3%
Playing with house money
3% of current value is profit above the $100,000 start — that cushion is house money.
Cash
$6,062
Positions
86 open
$81,039
Bank
$16,127
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
250
102W / 148L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$209
Today
-$209
Realized P&L
+$2,227
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 5 — Dip Buyer (Evolving)

daily · sp500BULL
$118,230
+$18,230 (+18.23%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$21,158
Losses
−$12,751
Open
+$9,824
Now
$118,230

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 67 positions still held. The Bank ($18,496) is already part of Now.

Win rate
62.7%
Avg win+$102
Avg loss−$104
⚠ Avg loss is 1.0× avg win — wins don't cover losses
15%
Playing with house money
15% of current value is profit above the $100,000 start — that cushion is house money.
Cash
$19,347
Positions
67 open
$80,387
Bank
$18,496
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
330
207W / 123L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$1,176
Today
+$1,176
Realized P&L
+$8,614
Last run 6h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 7 — Day Trader

intraday · sp500BULL+BEAR
$100,297
+$297 (+0.30%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$20,427
Losses
−$20,256
Open
+$125
Now
$100,297

The Bank ($1,408) is already part of the Now bar above.

Win rate
48.4%
Avg win+$34
Avg loss−$31
Avg win is 1.1× avg loss — wins cover losses
0%
Playing with house money
0% of current value is profit above the $100,000 start — that cushion is house money.
Cash
$98,888
Positions
0 open
Bank
$1,408
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
1255
608W / 647L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$17
Today
+$17
Realized P&L
+$297
Last evaluated EG +0.01% SKIPPED · 4h ago
Runs every 15 min during market hours

Agent 8 — Dip Buyer (Peer-Aware)

daily · sp500BULL
$115,062
+$15,062 (+15.06%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$23,380
Losses
−$10,468
Open
+$2,150
Now
$115,062

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 64 positions still held. The Bank ($15,874) is already part of Now.

Win rate
64.4%
Avg win+$131
Avg loss−$106
Avg win is 1.2× avg loss — wins cover losses
13%
Playing with house money
13% of current value is profit above the $100,000 start — that cushion is house money.
Cash
$18,523
Positions
64 open
$80,665
Bank
$15,874
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
278
179W / 99L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$787
Today
+$787
Realized P&L
+$13,124
Last run 6h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 9 — Bear Equity

daily · nasdaqBEAR
$99,588
-$412 (-0.41%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$5,707
Losses
−$13,303
Open
+$7,184
Now
$99,588

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 6 positions still held. The Bank ($6,477) is already part of Now.

Win rate
25.0%
Avg win+$1,141
Avg loss−$887
Avg win is 1.3× avg loss — wins cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$26,280
Positions
6 open
$66,831
Bank?
$6,477
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
20
5W / 15L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$455
Today
+$455
Realized P&L
-$7,596
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 10 — Inverse Rotator

daily · hedgeBEAR
$77,166
-$22,834 (-22.83%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$10,986
Losses
−$44,081
Open
+$10,262
Now
$77,166

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 2 positions still held. The Bank ($14) is already part of Now.

Win rate
22.0%
Avg win+$423
Avg loss−$479
⚠ Avg loss is 1.1× avg win — wins don't cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$25,838
Positions
2 open
$51,314
Bank?
$14
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
118
26W / 92L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$331
Today
-$331
Realized P&L
-$23,033
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 11 — Morning Movers

intraday · morning moversBULL
$90,286
-$9,714 (-9.71%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$35,044
Losses
−$44,758
Now
$90,286

The Bank ($5,160) is already part of the Now bar above.

Win rate
48.0%
Avg win+$494
Avg loss−$581
⚠ Avg loss is 1.2× avg win — wins don't cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$85,126
Positions
0 open
Bank?
$5,160
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
148
71W / 77L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
$0
Today
$0
Realized P&L
-$9,714
Last run 4h ago
Runs every 15 min during market hours

Agent 12 — Pre-Market Scalp

intraday · morning moversBULL
$1,075
+$75 (+7.50%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$1,000
Wins
+$202
Losses
−$143
Open
+$16
Now
$1,075

The Bank ($79) is already part of the Now bar above.

Win rate
50.6%
Avg win+$4
Avg loss−$3
Avg win is 1.4× avg loss — wins cover losses
7%
Playing with house money
7% of current value is profit above the $1,000 start — that cushion is house money.
Cash
$996
Positions
0 open
Bank
$79
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
89
45W / 44L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $1,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
$0
Today
$0
Realized P&L
+$75
Last run 15h ago
Runs every 15 min during market hours

Agent 13 — Tech/Healthcare Long

daily · sector etfBULL
$87,135
-$12,865 (-12.87%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$40
Losses
−$24,682
Open
+$11,777
Now
$87,135

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 3 positions still held. The Bank ($200) is already part of Now.

Win rate
11.8%
Avg win+$20
Avg loss−$1,645
⚠ Avg loss is 82.5× avg win — wins don't cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$46,515
Positions
3 open
$40,420
Bank?
$200
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
17
2W / 15L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$828
Today
+$828
Realized P&L
-$16,415
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 14 — Inverse Tech (PSQ)

daily · sector etfBEAR
$100,121
+$121 (+0.12%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$2,819
Losses
−$2,258
Open
−$440
Now
$100,121

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 1 position still held. The Bank ($2,124) is already part of Now.

Win rate
44.4%
Avg win+$705
Avg loss−$452
Avg win is 1.6× avg loss — wins cover losses
0%
Playing with house money
0% of current value is profit above the $100,000 start — that cushion is house money.
Cash
$59,075
Positions
1 open
$38,923
Bank
$2,124
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
9
4W / 5L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$94
Today
-$94
Realized P&L
+$562
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 15 — Dual Momentum

daily · asset rotationROTATION
$97,249
-$2,751 (-2.75%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Losses
−$3,372
Open
+$621
Now
$97,249

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 1 position still held. The Bank ($31) is already part of Now.

Win rate
0.0%
Avg win+$0
Avg loss−$3,372
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$0
Positions
1 open
$97,218
Bank?
$31
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
1
0W / 1L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$634
Today
-$634
Realized P&L
-$3,372
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 16 — Faber GTAA

daily · asset rotationROTATION
$104,961
+$4,961 (+4.96%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$9,775
Losses
−$4,814
Now
$104,961

The Bank ($1,646) is already part of the Now bar above.

Win rate
62.5%
Avg win+$977
Avg loss−$802
Avg win is 1.2× avg loss — wins cover losses
5%
Playing with house money
5% of current value is profit above the $100,000 start — that cushion is house money.
Cash
$0
Positions
3 open
$103,315
Bank
$1,646
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
16
10W / 6L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$190
Today
+$190
Realized P&L
+$4,961
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 17 — 52-Week High Momentum

daily · sp500BULL
$97,476
-$2,524 (-2.52%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$9,467
Losses
−$11,991
Now
$97,476

The Bank ($4,639) is already part of the Now bar above.

Win rate
53.7%
Avg win+$186
Avg loss−$273
⚠ Avg loss is 1.5× avg win — wins don't cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$2,312
Positions
20 open
$90,524
Bank?
$4,639
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
95
51W / 44L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$1,048
Today
+$1,048
Realized P&L
-$2,524
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 18 — Low Volatility

daily · sp500BULL
$91,234
-$8,766 (-8.77%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$4,332
Losses
−$13,098
Now
$91,234

The Bank ($4,195) is already part of the Now bar above.

Win rate
23.4%
Avg win+$197
Avg loss−$182
Avg win is 1.1× avg loss — wins cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$1,085
Positions
20 open
$85,954
Bank?
$4,195
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
94
22W / 72L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$325
Today
+$325
Realized P&L
-$8,766
Last run 3h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 19 — Pairs Trading

daily · sp500BULL+BEAR
$97,576
-$2,424 (-2.42%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$11,780
Losses
−$17,994
Open
+$3,790
Now
$97,576

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 2 positions still held. The Bank ($211) is already part of Now.

Win rate
40.0%
Avg win+$63
Avg loss−$64
⚠ Avg loss is 1.0× avg win — wins don't cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$51,877
Positions
2 open
$45,487
Bank?
$211
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
468
187W / 281L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$207
Today
-$207
Realized P&L
+$2,046
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 20 — SIR Price/Volume

daily · sp500BULL
$95,483
-$4,517 (-4.52%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$4,450
Losses
−$9,700
Open
+$733
Now
$95,483

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 46 positions still held. The Bank ($793) is already part of Now.

Win rate
25.3%
Avg win+$178
Avg loss−$131
Avg win is 1.4× avg loss — wins cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$20,231
Positions
46 open
$74,459
Bank?
$793
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
99
25W / 74L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
+$219
Today
+$219
Realized P&L
-$5,251
Last run 4h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 21 — Insider Cluster

daily · sp500BULL
$99,946
-$54 (-0.05%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Open
−$54
Now
$99,946

Open = unrealized gain/loss on 4 positions still held. The Bank ($358) is already part of Now.

0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$79,695
Positions
4 open
$19,893
Bank?
$358
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
none yet

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$191
Today
-$191
Realized P&L
$0
Last run 3h ago
Next run: Tomorrow ~5pm CT

Agent 22 — Intraday Bear

intraday · sp500BEAR
$99,654
-$346 (-0.35%)since inception
Where the money went
Start
$100,000
Wins
+$869
Losses
−$1,215
Now
$99,654

The Bank ($43) is already part of the Now bar above.

Win rate
51.3%
Avg win+$43
Avg loss−$64
⚠ Avg loss is 1.5× avg win — wins don't cover losses
0%
Playing with own capital
This agent isn't above its starting capital — all risk is on the original stake, not house money.
Cash
$99,611
Positions
0 open
Bank?
$43
auto-skimmed · in Now
Closed trades
39
20W / 19L

Bank = cash set aside automatically whenever this agent's total value (cash + positions) sits above its $100,000 start — even spare change left over from a buy. It's already counted in Now above, parked where trading can't touch it. It isn't profit.

This month
-$0
Today
-$0
Realized P&L
-$346
Last run 4h ago
Runs every 15 min during market hours

World News

Connecting…
  1. ●●●○○policyOct 1, 9:07 PM

    SEC proposes easing custody requirements for investment advisers offering cryptocurrency products.

    Tickers:COIN
    Sectors: Information Technology, Financials
  2. ●●●○○policyOct 1, 9:06 PM

    US ISM manufacturing misses expectations; USD/JPY volatility reflects macro uncertainty.

    Sectors: Industrials, Materials
  3. ●●●○○policyOct 1, 7:34 PM

    Japan Tokyo CPI surges to 2.7% YY in September, exceeding 2.5% expectations.

    Sectors: Financials
  4. ●●●○○companyOct 1, 6:53 PM

    Afya Limited enters merger agreement with Yduqs Participações S.A.

    Sectors: Health Care
  5. ●●●○○companyOct 1, 4:58 PM

    Onsemi acquires Synaptics for $123/share in cash deal.

    Tickers:ON
    Sectors: Semiconductors
  6. ●●●○○companyOct 1, 4:34 PM

    onsemi and Synaptics announce revised merger terms with improved shareholder value.

    Tickers:ON
    Sectors: Semiconductors
  7. ●●●○○policyOct 1, 4:20 PM

    SEC proposes new crypto custody framework advancing digital assets regulatory agenda.

    Tickers:COIN
    Sectors: Financials, Information Technology
  8. ●●●○○companyOct 1, 3:53 PM

    Chipotle Mexican Grill reportedly received $40-45/share takeover bid last month.

    Sectors: Consumer Discretionary

Operations

Click an agent to see its full run history

10 disabled · 17 healthy · 4 off-hoursConductor: 1 warning

Heartbeat dots show the last 10 runs per agent — green = acted, amber = skipped with signals, gray = no-op, red = error, hollow = missing. Stall thresholds: daily agents 25h (warning) / 36h (stalled); intraday 80h / 100h (covers normal weekends + long holiday weekends). Intraday agents shown as off-hours when the US equity market is closed.

Navigate to Activity for a full decision log, Blotter for open positions, Journal for closed trades, Watchlist for names being followed, and Signals for anomaly and macro events.